Passionate Language in Romeo and Juliet - Literature Essay Samples

Romeo and Juliet is rife with the powerful contrasting passions of Love and Hate. Since this work is a drama, Shakespeare has chosen to convey these emotions through characters’ language. This essay will examine how dialogue is used to demonstrate their passions.Hate is almost solely embodied by Tybalt, cousin to the Capulets and therefore an enemy of the house of Montague. This young man is described by his fellow characters as being â€Å"furious† (III i.121), â€Å"fiery† (I.i.109) and possessing of an â€Å"unruly spleen† (III.i.157) which, in Shakespeare’s day, accounted for his choleric character and quick temper. When he first enters the scene, he immediately tries to quarrel with Benevolio, for the sole reason that he is a kinsman of Romeo. When Benevolio says that he only wants to keep the peace, Tybalt passionately replies: â€Å"I hate the word as I hate hell, all Montagues and thee. Have at thee, coward!† (I.i.69-71). Tybalts hat red is so intense that he desires to kill anyone who has any association with Romeo, including the peace-loving Benevolio. Moreover, he is blinded by passion, for the fact that he claims to hate hell and yet lusts for Montague blood is a contradiction in terms, for according to Christian belief, murders will burn forever in hell-fire. There seem to be a few reasons for Tybalt’s hatred: one, is because Romeo, being an only child, is the only person able to continue the line of Montague in Verona – if he was to die, that hated house would die with him; and secondly, because Romeo was a well-bred, virtuous lad liked by all, including the patriarch of the Capulets. At the ball, when Tybalt tells his uncle that â€Å"villain Romeo† (I.v.64) is there uninvited and he wants to be rid of him, Capulet orders Tybalt to leave Romeo in peace, lest he destroy the happy atmosphere. Tybalt, for whom this ‘happy atmosphere’ has already been destroyed by the presenc e of his enemy, stubbornly tells his uncle that he won’t â€Å"endure him† (I.v.76), provoking his uncle’s anger upon himself: if he cannot endure Romeo’s presence at the feast, then he can leave. Tybalt does this, but not before muttering a passionate threat against Romeo.TYBALT: Patience perforce with choler meeting Makes my flesh tremble in their different greeting. I will withdraw. But this intrusion shall, Now seeming sweet, convert to bitterest gall. (I.v.89-92)The hard guttural sounds and his choice of words show that Tybalt is having difficulty controlling his anger. He will plan his revenge on Romeo – now, not only because of the age-old feud, but also because his presence at the ball was the cause of Capulet’s chiding mockery towards his nephew, which stung Tybalt’s proud nature.It must be noted here that while Tybalt is being consumed by his hatred for Romeo, the latter is falling inexorably in love with Juliet . The link between these two conflicting passions of love and hate is further strengthened by the characters’ use of rhyming verse in both instances, whereas the rest of the play is predominantly written in blank verse or iambic pentameter. This highlights for the audience the areas in the play where these passions are at their highest point.Let us now turn our attention to the other recurring passion in the play: that of love. This theme as sene in Romeo and Juliet can be divided into two specific categories: the elevated passion of true love, the â€Å"type of love that goes beyond the common, that is special and worth patience and suffering† , and the baser passion of lust, pertaining more to a â€Å"fine foot, straight leg, and a quivering thigh† (II.i.19)The play opens with a dialogue between two servants of the Capulet household. Their ability to turn a phrase makes their banter enjoyably light and witty, but their pu nning soon turns to scarcely veiled sexual innuendoes.SAMPSON: I will be civil with the maids – I will cut off their heads.GREGORY: The heads of the maids?SAMPSON: Ay, the heads of the maids, or their maiden- heads. Take it in what sense thou wilt (I.i.21-25)From this opening exchange, it is made clear to the audience that language and the manipulation of the spoken word will be an important motif of the play, used to illustrate the passionate feelings which each character is trying to convey – in this case, the lower, more vulgar natures of the Capulet manservants.But let us not neglect the fairer sex when dealing with the passion of lust as portrayed by the characters’ choice of language. Juliet’s nurse often speaks in double entendres, most notably in Act One, Scene Three where she is even silenced by Lady Capulet.NURSE: Thou wilt fall backward when thou hast more wit. Wilt thou not, Jule?LADY CA PULET: Enough of this, I pray thee hold thy peace. (I.iii.43-44;50)According to critic Adrian Poole, the Nurse is telling Juliet that she will be ready to make love once she has more understanding and this time has arrived : â€Å"To see now how a jest shall come about!† (I.iii.46) It would seem that in the Nurse’s opinion. Love and sex equate to the same thing, and now that Juliet is of an age to be married, her thoughts immediately gravitate towards the loss of Juliet’s â€Å"maidenhead† (I.iii.2), echoing the lusty conversation of the servants mentioned above.However, the unbiased observer will notice that it is not merely the Capulet servants who are driven by lustful passions. In what is sometimes referred to as the â€Å"Queen Mab Speech† , we see that Mercutio too enjoys dabbling with double entendres and bawdy puns. Towards the end of this speech he mentions maids who â€Å"lie on their backs:† (I.iv.92), which is similar to the Nurs e’s comments in the previous scene about the time having come for Juliet to â€Å"fall backwards† (I.iii.43). Moreover, just as the nurse is silenced by Lady Capulet, Mercutio is interrupted midsentence by Romeo’s â€Å"Peace, peace, Mercutio, peace! Thou talkest of nothing† (I.iv.95-96). Romeo’d choice of words here would suggest that Mercutio had been speaking quite passionately, so much so that his friend had felt compelled to repeatedly use the word ‘peace’ in an effort to calm him.In Act Two, Scene One, Mercutio spouts forth more passionate language in a similar style to the speech previously mentioned – his references to magic, the gods (infamous for their lustful liaisons) and the fact that he speaks in exclamations for some of the time would illustrate that this speech is intended to be passionate. Morover, it seems that where Mercutio is, lustful expressions are sure to follow; â€Å"O, Romeo, that she were, o that she were an open-arse and thou a poppering pear!† (II.i.37-38). Is there any need to explain the passionate lust which inspired this expression? Coupled with the puns on the word ‘medlars’ in the previous lines of this speech (‘to meddle’ in Shakespeare’s time being a common term for sexual activity) , the passionate nature of this particular speech is undeniable.Yet Mercutio’s vulgar choice of language and the ribald talk of the Capulet servants is intended to do more than simply express the erotic passions as felt by these characters. It also serves to beautify and set apart the different type of passion between Romeo and Juliet as being above all other loves, of being out of the ordinary. Where Romeo’s previous infatuation with Rosaline was founded on unrequited lust and Petrarchian poetry, here we find that he has become a master of language in his own right. What need is there to spout the stale musings of the Ancients when one possesses the ability and wit to manipulate language for oneself? When speaking of his love for Rosaline, his heart does not seem to be in his words, but when he speaks of and to Juliet, we feel that he is praying with his whole heart and soul, and that she is in a way, his life-giving force. Not to be outdone by Romeo, Juliet uses language which is both witty and flirtatiously charged. One could go so far as to say an element of danger can be detected, as this emotion of love is a novelty to her – is she ‘playing with fire’? When the two lovers speak, the chemistry between them is evident. So united are they in their love that they go one step further than simply completing each other’s sentences. When they speak together they create poetry. In Act One, Scene Five, when Romeo and Juliet first meet, their flirtatious banter forms a sonnet, the poetic form associated with love. As one critic writes: â€Å" What appeals to the reader isthe exquisite compos ition, metrical melody, dulcet music, and lovely imagery of the play† . The lovers’ masterful use of the English language appeals to one’s intellect and soul, in contrast to the effect Mercutio’s speeches for instance might have on one’s lower nature.Yet it cannot be denied that eros is present between Romeo and Juliet, for the lovers voice their sexual desires in a mature and adult manner. Act Three, Scene Two opens with Juliet waiting impatiently for Romeo to arrive so that they might consummate their marriage.JULIET: Gallop apace, you fiery-footed steeds, Towards Phoebus’ lodging Spread thy close curtain, love performing night(III.i.1-2;5)From this speech it is evident that Juliet is as knowledgeable as any of the other characters as to what she should expect on her wedding-night, but the difference between Juliet’s speech and the lustful talk of Mercutio is the strong sense of fidelity she has towards h er soul mate.JULIET: O I have bought the mansion of a love, But not possessed it; and though I am sold, Not yet enjoyed. (III.ii.26-28)She has vowed faithfulness to Romeo, and in return she has received his own pledge of fidelity towards her. Mercutio, on the other hand, fails to discriminate – to him, a woman is no more than a â€Å"fine foot, straight leg, and quivering thigh† (II.i.19) Their love is the elevated passion of true love which is not solely based on sexual relations.Another idea closely linked with the erotic side of the lovers’ passion is that both Romeo and Juliet often make use of language techniques such as assonance and alliteration when they speak to one another.ROMEO: Sin from my lips? O trespass sweetly urged! (I.v.109)This particular choice of language techniques has an interesting effect on the listener – the words are soft and sensual, the sounds of seduction, like the whisper just before a kiss. †Å"Yet every utterance of the young lovers is bubbling with emotion; as it excites, it exalts as well.† The lovers still manage to make their passion seem above that of any of the other characters. The elevated sense of their love is largely due to their constant use of religious metaphors. When they first meet, Romeo speaks of himself as a sinner, and of Juliet as a shrine and his only hope of absolution. These spiritual allusions are intended to show that their love is out of the ordinary, pure and exalted, pertaining more to the Divine than to the mundane. The fact that they continue to use religious references throughout the rest of the play shows us that they place supreme importance on their love, even to the extent where it takes precedence over the Institutor of religion, God Himself. Juliet blasphemously refers to Romeo as â€Å"the God of my idolatry† (II.i.156) and when Romeo is banished from Verona on account of the murder of Tybalt, he states that banishmen t is worse than torture, or death, or even hell itself, for â€Å"Heaven is here, where Juliet lives† (II.iii.29-30). According to Christian belief, the absence of God is what causes the damned in hell so much pain; likewise Romeo believes that the torture of banishment will be the absence of Juliet. Thus through their language we can see that the lovers have elevated each other to a level surpassing even God. In the end, religion â€Å"demands priorities that Romeo and Juliet cannot abide by because of the intensity of their love† , and as a result they think nothing of taking their own lives to escape the problems which their uncontrolled passions have created. In conclusion, Shakespeare has successfully portrayed the passionate sides of each of his characters through their choice of dialogue and language. This achievement would therefore be at its peak when the play is in performance. Reading ListAnonymous, ‘The Forcefulness of Love’, in SparkNotes: Rom eo and Juliet (2009), viewed on 4 September 2009 http://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/romeojuliet/themes.htmlAnonymous, ‘The Play as a Lyrical Tragedy’, Pink Monkey (2007), viewed on 17 September 2009 http://www.pinkmonkey.com/booknotes/monkey/pmRomeo30.aspA. Poole, ‘Introduction’ in Romeo and Juliet, London: Penguin, 1967D. Dupler, ‘Critical Essay on Romeo and Juliet’ in Drama for Students (2008), viewed on 4 September 2009 http://www.answers.com/topic/romeo and-juliet-play-7T.J.B. Spencer, ‘Commentary’ in Romeo and Juliet, London: Penguin, 1967W.Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, London: Penguin, 1967 1)W.Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, London: Penguin, 1967, p63 (from now on I shall quote all references from this book in-text) 2) Anonymous, ‘The Forcefulness of Love’, in SparkNotes: Romeo and Juliet (2009), viewed on 4 September 2009 3) D. Dupler, ‘Critical Essay on Romeo and Juliet’ in Drama for Stude nts (2008), viewed on 4 September 2009 4). A. Poole, ‘Introduction’ in Romeo and Juliet, London: Penguin, 1967, p.liii 5) A. Poole, ‘Introduction’ in Romeo and Juliet, London: Penguin, 1967, p.liv 6)T.J.B. Spencer, ‘Commentary’ in Romeo and Juliet, London: Penguin, 1967, p175 7) Anonymous, ‘The Play as a Lyrical Tragedy’, Pink Monkey (2007), viewed on 17 September 2009 8) Ibid. 9) D. Dupler, ‘Critical Essay on Romeo and Juliet’ in Drama for Students (2008), viewed on 4 September 2009 http://www.answers.com/topic/romeo and-juliet-play-7

Biography of Mary Todd Lincoln, Troubled First Lady

Mary Todd Lincoln (December 13, 1818–July 16, 1882) was the wife of President Abraham Lincoln. She became a figure of controversy and criticism during her time in the White House. After his death and the deaths of three of her children, she suffered great grief and was emotionally erratic. Fast Facts: Mary Todd Lincoln Known For:  Wife of Abraham Lincoln, she was a controversial first ladyAlso Known As: Mary Ann Todd LincolnBorn:  December 13, 1818  in Lexington, KentuckyParents: Robert Smith Todd and Eliza (Parker) ToddDied: July 16, 1882 in Springfield, IllinoisEducation: Shelby Female Academy, Madame Mantelles boarding schoolSpouse: Abraham LincolnChildren: Robert Todd Lincoln, Edward Baker Lincoln, William Willie Wallace Lincoln, Thomas Tad Lincoln  Ã‚  Notable Quote: I seem to be the scape-goat for both North and South. Early Life Mary Todd Lincoln was born on December 13, 1818, in Lexington, Kentucky. Her family was prominent in local society, at a time when Lexington was dubbed The Athens of the West. Mary Todds father, Robert Smith Todd, was a local banker with political connections. He had grown up near the estate of Henry Clay, a major figure in American politics in the early 19th century. When Mary was young, Clay often dined in the Todd household. In one often-told story, 10-year-old Mary rode to Clays estate one day to show him her new pony. He invited her inside and introduced the precocious girl to his guests. Mary Todds mother died when Mary was 6 years old, and when her father remarried Mary clashed with her stepmother. Perhaps to keep peace in the family, her father sent her away to the Shelby Female Academy, where she received 10 years of quality education at a time when education for women was not generally accepted in American life. One of Marys sisters had married the son of a former governor of Illinois and had moved to the state capital of Springfield. Mary visited her in 1837 and likely encountered Abraham Lincoln on that visit. Mary Todds Courtship With Abraham Lincoln Mary also settled in Springfield, where she made a major impression on the towns growing social scene. She was surrounded by suitors, including attorney Stephen A. Douglas, who would become Abraham Lincolns great political rival decades later. By late 1839, Lincoln and Mary Todd had become romantically involved, though the relationship had problems. There was a split between them in early 1841, but by late 1842 they had gotten back together, partly through their mutual interest in local political issues. Lincoln greatly admired Henry Clay. And he must have been impressed by the young woman who had known Clay in Kentucky. Marriage and Family of Abraham and Mary Lincoln Abraham Lincoln married Mary Todd on November 4, 1842. They took up residence in rented rooms in Springfield, but would eventually buy a small house. The Lincolns had four sons, three of whom died before adulthood: Robert Todd Lincoln was born on August 1, 1843. He was named for Marys father and would be the only Lincoln son to live to adulthood.Edward Baker Lincoln was born on March 10, 1846. Eddie became ill and died on February 1, 1850, weeks before his fourth birthday.William Wallace Lincoln was born on December 21, 1850. Willie became ill while living in the White House, perhaps because of polluted water. He died in the White House on February 20, 1862, at the age of 11.Thomas Lincoln was born on April 4, 1853. Known as Tad, he was a lively presence in the White House and Lincoln doted on him. He became ill, probably with tuberculosis, in Chicago and died there on July 15, 1871, at the age of 18. The years the Lincolns spent in Springfield are generally considered the happiest of Mary Lincolns life. Despite the loss of Eddie Lincoln and rumors of discord, the marriage seemed happy to neighbors and Marys relatives. At some point, animosity developed between Mary Lincoln and her husbands law partner William Herndon. He would later write scathing descriptions of her behavior, and much of the negative material associated with her seems to be based on Herndons biased observations. As Abraham Lincoln became more involved in politics, first with the Whig Party and later with the new Republican Party, his wife supported his efforts. Though she played no direct political role, in an era when women could not even vote she remained well-informed on political issues. Mary Lincoln as White House Hostess After Lincoln won the election of 1860, his wife became the most prominent White House hostess since Dolley Madison, the wife of President James Madison, decades earlier. Mary Lincoln was often criticized for spending too much money on White House furnishings and on her own clothing. She was also criticized for engaging in frivolous entertainments at a time of deep national crisis, but some defended her for trying to lift her husbands mood as well as the nations. Mary Lincoln was known to visit wounded Civil War soldiers and took an interest in various charitable endeavors. She went through her own very dark time, though, following the death of 11-year-old Willie Lincoln in an upstairs bedroom of the White House in February 1862. Lincoln feared that his wife had lost her sanity, as she went into a prolonged period of mourning. She also became very interested in spiritualism, a fad that first caught her attention in the late 1850s. She claimed to see ghosts wandering the halls of the White House and hosted seances. Lincolns Assassination On April 14, 1865, Mary Lincoln was seated beside her husband at Fords Theater when he was shot by John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln, mortally wounded, was carried across the street to a rooming house, where he died the following morning. Mary Lincoln was inconsolable during the long overnight vigil, and according to most accounts, Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton had her removed from the room where Lincoln was dying. During the long period of national mourning, which included a lengthy traveling funeral that passed through northern cities, she was barely able to function. While millions of Americans participated in funeral observances in towns and cities throughout the country, she stayed in a bed in a darkened room in the White House. Her situation became very awkward as the new president, Andrew Johnson, could not move into the White House while she still occupied it. Finally, weeks after her husbands death, she left Washington and returned to Illinois. Troubled Later Years In many ways, Mary Lincoln never recovered from her husbands murder. She first moved to Chicago and began to exhibit seemingly irrational behavior. For a few years, she lived in England with her youngest son Tad. After returning to America, Tad Lincoln died and his mothers behavior became alarming to her oldest son Robert Todd, who took legal action to have her declared insane. A court placed her in a private sanatorium, but she went to court and was able to have herself declared sane. Death Suffering from a number of physical ailments, Mary Lincoln sought treatment in Canada and New York City and eventually returned to Springfield. She spent the final years of her life as a virtual recluse and died on July 16, 1882, at the age of 63. She was buried beside her husband in Springfield. Legacy A well-educated and well-connected woman from a prominent Kentucky family, Mary Todd Lincoln was an unlikely partner for Lincoln, who had come from humble frontier roots. She is known mostly for the great losses she suffered in her lifetime and the emotional instability that resulted. Sources â€Å"The Life Of Mary Todd Lincoln.†Ã‚  eHistory.Turner, Justin G., and Linda Levitt Turner.  Mary Todd Lincoln: Her Life and Letters. From International Publishing Corporation, 1987

The Unique And Additive Associations Of Family Functioning...

The title of the article is The Unique and Additive Associations of Family Functioning and Parenting Practices with Disordered Eating Behaviors in Diverse Adolescents. This article was written by Jerica M. Berge with the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health at the University of Minnesota Medical Schools in Minneapolis; Melanie Wall with the Department of Biostatistics at Columbia University in New York, NY, as well as the Division of Biostatics of the Department of Psychology and the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University in New York, NY; Nicole Larson, Marie E. Eisenberg, Katie A. Loth, and Dianne Neurmark-Sztainer of the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis; Marie E. Eisenberg was also affiliated with the Division of Adolescent Health and Medicine with the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis. This article was found in the Journal of Behavioral Medicine and publish ed by Springer Science and Business Media online on November 30, 2012. The purpose of the article was to â€Å"identify the unique and additive relationships of family functioning and mother and father parenting practices with adolescent girls’ and boys’ disordered eating behaviors in a racially/ ethnically) and socio-economically diverse population in order to inform treatment and prevention efforts in adolescents with disordered eating behaviors. [And] identify the independent associations between

Cost Baseline And Funding Requirements †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about thee Cost Baseline And Funding Requirements. Answer: Cost Baseline Task Name Feb March April May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Start of the project plan Project Management Salary of Maintenance and Administration staff 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 Cost of the suppliers 5000 2000 1000 3000 4000 2000 1000 1000 1000 Cost of meeting on progress and performance of the project 200 100 350 150 100 100 200 100 250 Campus Signage Signage of the design Design preparation 2000 1000 3000 Preparation of the prototype 1000 1500 2000 Signage of the production Purchasing of the resources 2000 2000 1000 3000 Creation of the signage 1000 2000 2000 Signage of installation Circulation of the signage 1000 2000 2000 Building of the signage 2000 1000 3000 Training and support 1000 2000 2000 Development of the project plan Goods ordered 2000 1000 2000 1000 Promotion of the local language 500 500 500 Documents maintenance 200 200 100 500 Installation of signs Signs are installed into the campus 2000 2500 1800 Proposed of waterfall project lifecycle model 2000 2500 Total 3700 2200 6600 13550 13150 5600 9600 12300 5100 5550 7000 8500 Cumulative total 3700 5900 12500 26050 39200 44800 54400 66700 71800 77350 84350 885 Funding Requirements Activities Funding required Kick off the project plan $15,000 Training and support $5,000 Installation of the signage board $10,800 Design preparation $6,000 Proposed of waterfall project lifecycle model $4,500 Management reserve $20,000 Total $61,300 Bibliography Chance, D. M., Brooks, R. (2015).Introduction to derivatives and risk management. Cengage Learning. Cherkaoui, K., Baptiste, P., Pellerin, R., Hat, A., Perrier, N. (2017). Proactive tactical planning approach for large scale engineering and construction projects.The Journal of Modern Project Management,5(1). Crawford, J. K. (2014).Project management maturity model. CRC Press. Fan, Y., Thomas, M., Anantatmula, V. (2014). A Longitudinal Study of the Required Skills of Project Managers.The Journal of Modern Project Management,1(3). Glendon, A. I., Clarke, S., McKenna, E. (2016).Human safety and risk management. Crc Press. Hopkin, P. (2017).Fundamentals of risk management: understanding, evaluating and implementing effective risk management. Kogan Page Publishers. Kerzner, H. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Narbaev, T., De Marco, A. (2017). Earned value and cost contingency management: A framework model for risk adjusted cost forecasting.The Journal of Modern Project Management,4(3). Pinfield, S., Salter, J., Bath, P. A. (2016). The total cost of publication in a hybrid open?access environment: Institutional approaches to funding journal article?processing charges in combination with subscriptions.Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology,67(7), 1751-1766. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning.